Nanomedicine, Nanorobotics, Nanofactories, Molecular Assemblers and Machine-Phase Nanotechnology

Publications of Robert A. Freitas Jr.

 

 

Peer-Reviewed Papers, Patents, and Conference Publications

  1. Damian G. Allis, Robert A. Freitas Jr., Ralph C. Merkle, “Single-Atom Radical-Exchange Mechanosynthetic Transfer Reactions for Period 1,2,3,4 Elements using Monosubstituted Adamantane Tools and Workpieces,” J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 6(2009). In preparation.
  2. Colin Weatherbee, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanoscale Robot Navigation of the Human Kidney,” to be submitted, 2009. In preparation.
  3. Denis Tarasov, Natalia Akberova, Ekaterina Izotova, Diana Alisheva, Maksim Astafiev, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Optimal Tooltip Trajectories in a Hydrogen Abstraction Tool Recharge Reaction Sequence for Positionally Controlled Diamond Mechanosynthesis,” J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 6(2009). In preparation.
  4. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Chapter 15. Comprehensive Nanorobotic Control of Human Morbidity and Aging,” in Gregory M. Fahy, Michael D. West, L. Stephen Coles, and Steven B. Harris, eds, The Future of Aging: Pathways to Human Life Extension, Springer, New York, 2008. Submitted for publication.
  5. Robert A. Freitas Jr., Ralph C. Merkle, “A Minimal Toolset for Positional Diamond Mechanosynthesis,” J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 5(May 2008):760-861. Abstract (HTML)
  6. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Chapter 15. Computational Tasks in Medical Nanorobotics,” in M.M. Eshaghian-Wilner, ed., Bio-inspired and Nano-scale Integrated Computing, Wiley, New York, 2008. In press.
  7. Adriano Cavalcanti, Bijan Shirinzadeh, Robert A. Freitas Jr., Tad Hogg, “Nanorobot Architecture for Medical Target Identification,” Nanotechnology 19(January 2008):015103. Abstract (HTML) ..... Full Text (PDF, IOP-restricted access, 1.5 MB)
  8. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Medical Nanorobotics: Breaking the Trance of Futility in Life Extension Research,” Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology 1(December 2007), article 6. Full Text (PDF, 0.1 MB) ..... Full Text (PDF, 0.1 MB)
  9. Robert A. Freitas Jr., Ralph C. Merkle, “Positional Diamond Mechanosynthesis: Toolset, Reactions, Uses and Products,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/970,658, filed 7 September 2007. Abstract (HTML)
  10. Berhane Temelso, C. David Sherrill, Ralph C. Merkle, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Ab Initio Thermochemistry of the Hydrogenation of Hydrocarbon Radicals Using Silicon, Germanium, Tin and Lead Substituted Methane and Isobutane,” J. Phys. Chem. A 111(15 August 2007):8677-8688. Abstract (HTML) ..... Full Paper (PDF, 0.2 MB)
  11. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “The Ideal Gene Delivery Vector: Chromallocytes, Cell Repair Nanorobots for Chromosome Replacement Therapy,” J. Evol. Technol. 16(June 2007):1-97. Full Paper (HTML) ..... Full Paper (PDF) ..... Image from Stimulacra LCC ..... Image from Stimulacra LCC
  12. Robert A. Freitas Jr., Damian G. Allis, Ralph C. Merkle, “Horizontal Ge-Substituted Polymantane-Based C2 Dimer Placement Tooltip Motifs for Diamond Mechanosynthesis,” J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 4(May 2007):433-442. Ingenta Abstract (HTML) ..... Full Paper (PDF, 0.7 MB)
  13. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Chapter 13. Progress in Nanomedicine and Medical Nanorobotics,” in Michael Rieth, Wolfram Schommers, eds., Handbook of Theoretical and Computational Nanotechnology, Volume 6 (Bioinformatics, Nanomedicine, and Drug Design), American Scientific Publishers, Stevenson Ranch, CA, 2006, pp. 619-672. Full Paper (PDF, 2.7 MB)
  14. Berhane Temelso, C. David Sherrill, Ralph C. Merkle, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “High-level Ab Initio Studies of Hydrogen Abstraction from Prototype Hydrocarbon Systems,” J. Phys. Chem. A 110 (28 September 2006):11160-11173. ACS Abstract (HTML) ..... PubMed Abstract (HTML) ..... Full Paper (PDF, 0.4 MB)
  15. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Pharmacytes: An Ideal Vehicle for Targeted Drug Delivery,” J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 6(September/October 2006):2769-2775. Special Issue on Nanotechnology in Advanced Drug Delivery ..... PubMed Abstract (HTML) ..... Full Paper (PDF, 2.2 MB)
  16. Jingping Peng, Robert A. Freitas Jr., Ralph C. Merkle, James R. Von Ehr, John N. Randall, George D. Skidmore, “Theoretical Analysis of Diamond Mechanosynthesis. Part III. Positional C2 Deposition on Diamond C(110) Surface using Si/Ge/Sn-based Dimer Placement Tools,” J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 3(February 2006):28-41. Full Paper (PDF, 1.0 MB)
  17. Adriano Cavalcanti, Robert A. Freitas Jr., Luiz C. Kretly, “Nanorobotics Control Design: A Practical Approach Tutorial,” Robotics Today (SME Society of Manufacturing Engineers) 18(4th Quarter, 2005):1-22. Full Paper (PDF, 0.7 MB)
  18. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanotechnology, Nanomedicine and Nanosurgery (Invited Editorial),” Intl. J. Surgery 3(December 2005):1-4. Full Paper (PDF, 0.3 MB) ..... See also (HTML)
  19. Adriano Cavalcanti, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanorobotics control design: A collective behavior approach for medicine,” IEEE Trans. NanoBioSci. 4(June 2005):133-140. PubMed Abstract (HTML) ..... Full Paper (PDF, 1.3 MB)
  20. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “What is Nanomedicine?” Disease-A-Month 51(June 2005):325-341. PubMed Abstract (HTML) ..... Table of Contents (PDF) ..... Full Paper (PDF, 0.3 MB)
  21. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Microbivores: Artificial Mechanical Phagocytes using Digest and Discharge Protocol,” J. Evol. Technol. 14(April 2005):55-106. Full Paper (HTML) ..... Full Paper (PDF, 1.2 MB) ..... Nanomedicine Art Gallery images ..... Microbivore website (unofficial)
  22. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “What is Nanomedicine?” Nanomedicine: Nanotech. Biol. Med. 1(March 2005):2-9. PubMed Abstract (HTML) ..... Full Paper (PDF, 0.3 MB)
  23. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Current Status of Nanomedicine and Medical Nanorobotics (Invited Survey),” J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 2(March 2005):1-25. Ingenta Abstract ..... Full Paper (PDF, 1.3 MB)
  24. Adriano Cavalcanti, Robert A. Freitas Jr., Luiz C. Kretly, “Nanorobotics control design: A practical approach tutorial,” Paper No. DETC2004-57031, 28th Biennial Mechanisms and Robotics Conference – MECH-3: Robotics: Applications, ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences (DETC2004), Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, 28 September - 2 October 2004. Full Text (PDF) ..... Slide Presentation (PPT)
  25. David J. Mann, Jingping Peng, Robert A. Freitas Jr., Ralph C. Merkle, “Theoretical Analysis of Diamond Mechanosynthesis. Part II. C2 Mediated Growth of Diamond C(110) Surface via Si/Ge-Triadamantane Dimer Placement Tools,” J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 1(March 2004):71-80. Full Text (PDF, 2.1 MB)
  26. Jingping Peng, Robert A. Freitas Jr., Ralph C. Merkle, “Theoretical Analysis of Diamond Mechanosynthesis. Part I. Stability of C2 Mediated Growth of Nanocrystalline Diamond C(110) Surface,” J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 1(March 2004):62-70. Full Text (PDF, 3.1 MB)
  27. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “A Simple Tool for Positional Diamond Mechanosynthesis, and its Method of Manufacture,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/543,802, filed 11 February 2004; U.S. Patent Pending, 11 February 2005. Full Paper (HTML, 1.0 MB) ..... See Also (HTML)
  28. Ralph C. Merkle, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Theoretical analysis of a carbon-carbon dimer placement tool for diamond mechanosynthesis,” J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 3(August 2003):319-324. PubMed Abstract (HTML) ..... Conference Abstract (HTML) ..... Full Paper (HTML) ..... Full Paper (PDF)
  29. Adriano Cavalcanti, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanosystem Design with Dynamic Collision Detection for Autonomous Nanorobot Motion Control using Neural Networks,” Computer Graphics and Geometry, MEPhI 5(May 2003):50-74. Full Paper (HTML)
  30. Adriano Cavalcanti, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanosystem design with dynamic collision detection for autonomous nanorobot motion control using neural networks,” Plenary Lecture, Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH - Graphicon Intl. Conf. on Computer Graphics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia (http://www.graphicon.ru/), September 2002, pp. 75-80. Full Paper (PDF)
  31. Adriano Cavalcanti, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Collective robotics coherent behavior for nanosystems with sensor-based neural motion,” Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence Systems (AIS’02), Divnomorskoe/Gelendzhick, Russia (http://icai.tsure.ru/), IEEE Computer Society Press, September 2002, pp.185-190. Abstract (HTML)
  32. Adriano Cavalcanti, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Autonomous multi-robot sensor-based cooperation for nanomedicine,” Intl. J. Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 3(2002):743-746 (Special Issue, Proceedings of the International Conference on Micro & Nano Systems 2002 (ICMNS 2002) August 11 - 14, 2002, Kunming, China; http://www.ijnsns.com/2002-03-04.html). Full Paper (PDF) ..... Full Paper (HTML)
  33. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “The future of nanofabrication and molecular scale devices in nanomedicine,” Studies in Health Technol. Inform. 80(2002):45-59. Also cited as: Robert A. Freitas Jr., “The Future of Nanofabrication and Molecular Scale Devices in Nanomedicine,” in Renata G. Bushko, ed., Future of Health Technology, IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2002, pp. 45-59. PubMed Abstract (HTML) ..... Full Paper (HTML)
  34. Robert A. Freitas Jr., Christopher J. Phoenix, “Vasculoid: A personal nanomedical appliance to replace human blood,” J. Evol. Technol. 11(April 2002):1-139. Full Paper (HTML) ..... Full Paper (PDF) ..... Full Paper (HTML) ..... Full Paper (PDF)
  35. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanodentistry,” J. Amer. Dent. Assoc. 131(November 2000):1559-1566 (cover story). PubMed Abstract (HTML) ..... Excerpt from Paper (HTML) ..... Nanomedicine Art Gallery images
  36. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Respirocytes in Nanomedicine,” Graft: Organ and Cell Transplantation 52(May 2050):148-154. (Special “Future Issue,” published May 2000; cover story.) Full Article (HTML, 1.1 MB)
  37. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Exploratory Design in Medical Nanotechnology: A Mechanical Artificial Red Cell,” Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobil. Biotech. 26(1998):411-430. (The original "respirocytes" technical paper.) PubMed Abstract (HTML) ..... Full Paper (HTML) ..... Summary Article (HTML) ..... French Translation Full Paper (PDF) ..... Russian Translation Article Extract (HTML) ..... Nanomedicine Art Gallery images ..... Award-Winning Animation (IMM website) ..... Award-Winning Animation (Phlesch Bubble website Also) ..... Respirocyte website (unofficial)

 

 

Books

  1. Robert A. Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, Volume III: Applications, Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX, 2012-13; http://www.nanomedicine.com/NMIII.htm. In preparation.
  2. Robert A. Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, Volume IIB: Systems and Operations, Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX, 2010-11; http://www.nanomedicine.com/NMIIB.htm. In preparation.
  3. Robert A. Freitas Jr., J. Storrs Hall, Fundamentals of Nanomechanical Engineering, 2009-2010, in preparation.
  4. Robert A. Freitas Jr., Ralph C. Merkle, Diamond Surfaces and Diamond Mechanosynthesis, 2008-2009, in preparation. Full Text (HTML) (not yet available)
  5. Robert A. Freitas Jr., Ralph C. Merkle, Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines, Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX, 2004. Full Text (HTML) ..... Advance Purchase directly from Landes Bioscience ..... Purchase Hardcover (Amazon) ..... Purchase Hardcover (Barnes & Noble) ..... German Translation of Chapter 1 (HTML)
  6. Robert A. Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, Volume IIA: Biocompatibility, Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX, 2003. Full Text (HTML) ..... Advance Purchase directly from Landes Bioscience ..... Purchase Hardcover (Amazon) ..... Subscription Version online at eurekah.com (PDF) ..... S. Karger Publ. hardcover edition (February 2004)
  7. Robert A. Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, Volume I: Basic Capabilities, Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX, 1999. Full Text (HTML) ..... Purchase Hardcover (Amazon) ..... Purchase Hardcover (Barnes & Noble) ..... Purchase Softcover (Amazon) ..... Purchase Softcover (Barnes & Noble) ..... Purchase directly from Landes Bioscience ..... Chapter 3 (early version, Foresight Institute, HTML) ..... Japanese Language Version (Cover Only, HTML)
  8. Robert A. Freitas Jr., William P. Gilbreath, eds., Advanced Automation for Space Missions, NASA Conference Publication CP-2255 (N83-15348), U.S. GPO, Washington, DC, 1982. Full Text (HTML)

 

 

Other Publications and Lectures

  1. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Chapter 13. Medical Nanorobotics: The Long-Term Goal for Nanomedicine,” in: Mark J. Schulz, Vesselin N. Shanov, YeoHeung Yun, eds., Nanomedicine Science and Engineering: Design of Capsules, Motors, Implants, Robots & Devices, Artech House Publishers, 2009. In preparation.
  2. Ralph C. Merkle, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Mechanosynthesis -- Ralph Merkle & Robert Freitas,” presentation at the Foresight Vision Weekend, 3 Nobember 2007. Google Video (51 minutes) ..... Blog Entry
  3. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Chapter 7. The Case for Nanomedicine,” in Anthony Mark Cutter, Bert Gordijn, eds., In Pursuit of NanoEthics: Transatlantic Reflections on Nanotechnology, Springer, 2008. Submitted.
  4. David R. Forrest, Robert A. Freitas Jr., Neil Jacobstein, “Scanning Probe Diamondoid Mechanosynthesis,” Report 05, Part 3 -- Working Group Proceedings: Atomically Precise Fabrication, Battelle/Foresight International Technology Roadmap for Productive Nanosystems, 2007, pp. 05-1 - 05-4. Full Paper (PDF, requires 14 MB download)
  5. David R. Forrest, Robert A. Freitas Jr., Neil Jacobstein, “Molecular Motors, Actuators, and Mechanical Devices,” Report 23, Part 3 -- Working Group Proceedings: Motors and Movers, Battelle/Foresight International Technology Roadmap for Productive Nanosystems, 2007, pp. 23-1 - 23-8. Full Paper (PDF, requires 14 MB download)
  6. David R. Forrest, Robert A. Freitas Jr., Neil Jacobstein, “Applications for Positionally Controlled Atomically
    Precise Manufacturing Capability,” Report 30, Part 3 -- Working Group Proceedings: Applications, Battelle/Foresight International Technology Roadmap for Productive Nanosystems, 2007, pp. 30-1 - 30-5. Full Paper (PDF, requires 14 MB download)
  7. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Das Nanorobotische Hautdisplay (The Nanorobotic Dermal Display),” in Tristan Thielmann, Jens Schroter, eds., Display II Digital, Navi Gationen: Zeitschrift fur Medien- und Kulturwissenschaften, Schuren Verlag GmbH, 2007, pp. 133-137. In German.
  8. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanomedicine and Medical Nanorobotics,” in Horst Doelle, ed., Encyclopedia for Life Support Systems (EOLSS), UNESCO, EOLSS Publishers Co. Ltd., 2007.
  9. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Personal Choice in the Coming Era of Nanomedicine,” in Patrick Lin, Fritz Allhoff, Jim Moor, John Weckert, eds., Nanoethics: The Ethical and Social Implications of Nanotechnology, John Wiley, NY, 2007, pp. 161-172. Full Paper (DOC, 0.1 MB)
  10. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanorobots in Your Bloodstream,” in Futur 2030, FYP Editions/Futuroscope, April 2007. In French.
  11. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanomedicine,” in Stephen Valentine, Timeship, L'Arca Edizioni, Milan, Italy, 2007, pp. 10-11.
  12. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanomedicine and Medical Nanorobotics: The Path Forward,” Invited Lecture delivered at the Sixth Alcor Conference: An Inside Look at the Science and Medicine of Tomorrow, 7 October 2006, Scottsdale, AZ. Abstract (HTML)
  13. Robert A. Freitas Jr., Ralph C. Merkle, “Nanofactory Collaboration” website, 2006; http://www.MolecularAssembler.com/Nanofactory
  14. Michael Vassar, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Lifeboat Foundation NanoShield Proposal,” Lifeboat Foundation, July 2006. Full Paper (HTML)
  15. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Economic Impact of the Personal Nanofactory,” Nanotechnology Perceptions: A Review of Ultraprecision Engineering and Nanotechnology 2(May 2006):111-126. Full Paper (PDF) ..... Full Paper (HTML)
  16. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “What Price Freedom?” Nanotechnology Perceptions: A Review of Ultraprecision Engineering and Nanotechnology 2(May 2006):99-106. Full Paper (PDF) ..... Full Paper (HTML)
  17. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Molecular Manufacturing: Too Dangerous to Allow?” Nanotechnology Perceptions: A Review of Ultraprecision Engineering and Nanotechnology 2(March 2006):15-24. Full Paper (PDF) ..... Full Paper (HTML) ..... Lifeboat Foundation Full Paper (HTML)
  18. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanomedicine and 21st Century Healthcare,” foreword in: Simon Young, Designer Evolution: A Transhumanist Manifesto, Prometheus Press, 2005. Full Paper (HTML) (Young's book is available for purchase online at Amazon.com and at Barnes&Noble.com.)
  19. T. McKendree, R. Freitas, A. Globus, M. Levit, C. Sherrill, M. Li, R. Merkle, “Challenges of Molecular Nanotechnology for Space Exploration,” AIAA-2005-6814, AIAA Space 2005 Conference, Long Beach, CA, 30-31 August 2005. Abstract (PDF) ..... Full Paper (PDF, 0.6 MB)
  20. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanomedicine and Medical Nanorobotics,” Invited Lecture delivered at the First Foresight Conference on Advanced Nanotechnology, 23 October 2004, Washington, DC. Abstract (HTML)
  21. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Pathway to Diamond-Based Molecular Manufacturing,” Invited Lecture delivered at the First Symposium on Molecular Machine Systems at the First Foresight Conference on Advanced Nanotechnology, 22 October 2004, Washington, DC. Abstract (HTML) ..... Abstract (DOC) ..... Online Version of the Lecture (HTML, 1.7 MB)
  22. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanomedicine, Natural Death, and the Quest for Accident-Limited Healthspans,” in Immortality Institute, eds., The Scientific Conquest of Death: Essays on Infinite Lifespans, 2004. Full Text (HTML) ..... Book Review {HTML) (HTML)
  23. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Will Intracellular Medical Nanorobots Disrupt the Cytoskeleton (Part II)?” Foresight Update No. 53, January 2004, pp. 11-12. Full Paper (HTML)
  24. Ralph C. Merkle, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Speeding the development of molecular nanotechnology,” Foresight Institute R&D proposal, December 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  25. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Technical Bibliography for Research on Positional Mechanosynthesis,” Foresight Institute website, 16 December 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  26. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanomedicine,” KurzweilAI.net, 17 November 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  27. Neil Jacobstein, Ralph Merkle, Robert Freitas, “Balancing the National Nanotechnology Initiative's R&D Portfolio: A Foresight/IMM White Paper submitted to the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy,” Foresight Update, No. 52, 31 August 2003, pp. 1, 14-15. Full Text (HTML) ..... Full Text (PDF)
  28. Ralph C. Merkle, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Computational chemistry as the key to developing molecular manufacturing,” Computational Nanotechnology/Nanofabrication session, presentation No. 113, 225th ACS National Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 23-27 March 2003. Abstract (HTML)
  29. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Will Intracellular Medical Nanorobots Disrupt the Cytoskeleton (Part I)?” Foresight Update No. 51, March 2003, pp. 15-17. Full Paper (HTML)
  30. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Is Sapphire Biocompatible With Living Cells?” Foresight Update No. 50, November 2002, pp. 15-17. Full Paper (HTML)
  31. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “I progressi dell’elettronica molecolare (Progress in molecular electronics),” Il libro dell’anno (Book of the Year), Enciclopedia Italiana, Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Treccani Institute, Rome, Italy, 2002. In Italian. Full Text, with translation (HTML)
  32. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Death is an Outrage!” Invited Lecture delivered at the Fifth Alcor Conference on Extreme Life Extension, 16 November 2002, Newport Beach, CA. Abstract ..... Online Version of the Lecture (HTML) ..... Longevity Meme version (HTML) ..... KurzweilAI.net version (HTML) ..... Immortality Institute version (HTML)
  33. Ralph C. Merkle, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Theoretical analysis of a carbon-carbon dimer placement tool for diamond mechanosynthesis,” paper presented at the 10th Foresight Conference on Molecular Nanotechnology, October 2002. Abstract (HTML)
  34. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Could Medical Nanorobots Be Carcinogenic?” Foresight Update No. 49, August 2002, pp. 8-9. Full Paper (HTML)
  35. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “The Vasculoid Personal Appliance,” Foresight Update No. 48, 31 March 2002, pp. 10-12. Summary Article (HTML) ..... Russian Translation Full Paper (HTML)
  36. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “The gray goo problem,” excerpted version published on KurzweilAI.net, 20 March 2002. Summary Article (HTML)
  37. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Respirocytes and Their Uses in Future Nanomedicine,” Doctor Tandy's Guide to Life Extension and Transhumanity, Ria University Press, 2001, pp. 109-125. Full Text (HTML) ..... Purchase Hardcover (Barnes & Noble) ..... Nanomedicine Art Gallery images ..... Award-Winning Animation (IMM website) ..... Award-Winning Animation (Phlesch Bubble website)
  38. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Book Review of Travels to the Nanoworld, by Michael Gross,” Qtr. Rev. Biol. 76(December 2001):486. Full Paper (HTML)
  39. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Volumetric Cellular Intrusiveness of Medical Nanorobots,” Foresight Update No. 47, 31 December 2001, pp. 7-9. Full Paper (HTML)
  40. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Robots in the bloodstream: the promise of nanomedicine,” Pathways, The Novartis Journal 2(October-December 2001):36-41. Full Article (HTML)
  41. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “How Nanorobots Can Avoid Phagocytosis by White Cells – Part II,” Foresight Update No. 46, 30 September 2001, pp. 18-20. Full Paper (HTML)
  42. K. Eric Drexler, David Forrest, Robert A. Freitas Jr., J. Storrs Hall, Ph.D., Neil Jacobstein, Tom McKendree, Ralph Merkle, Christine Peterson, “On Physics, Fundamentals, and Nanorobots: A Rebuttal to Smalley's Assertion that Self-Replicating Mechanical Nanorobots Are Simply Not Possible,” Institute for Molecular Manufacturing, September 2001. Full Paper (HTML)
  43. K. Eric Drexler, David Forrest, Robert A. Freitas Jr., J. Storrs Hall, Ph.D., Neil Jacobstein, Tom McKendree, Ralph Merkle, Christine Peterson, “Many Future Nanomachines: A Rebuttal to Whiteside's Assertion That Mechanical Molecular Assemblers Are Not Workable and Not A Concern,” Institute for Molecular Manufacturing, September 2001. Full Paper (HTML)
  44. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “How Nanorobots Can Avoid Phagocytosis by White Cells – Part I,” Foresight Update No. 45, 30 June 2001, pp. 10-12. Full Paper (HTML)
  45. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Deus Ex Digita?” May 2001. Outline of Paper (HTML)
  46. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Microbivores: Artificial Mechanical Phagocytes,” Foresight Update No. 44, 31 March 2001, pp. 11-13. Summary Article (HTML) ..... Summary Article (HTML) ..... Russian Translation Summary Article (HTML) ..... Nanomedicine Art Gallery images
  47. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Microbivores: Artificial Mechanical Phagocytes using Digest and Discharge Protocol,” Zyvex preprint, March 2001. Full Paper (HTML) ..... Nanomedicine Art Gallery images ..... Microbivore website (unofficial)
  48. Titus Schleyer, Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanotechnologie in dentistry,” 47. Zahnarztetag der Zahnarztekammer Westfalen-Lippe, 15-18 March 2001, Bad Salzuflen. In German.
  49. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanopyrexia,” Foresight Update No. 43, 30 December 2000, pp. 14-16. Full Paper (HTML)
  50. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “System Builders: K. Eric Drexler,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Monday, 18 September 2000, page 57.
  51. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Will Serum Proteins Stick to Nanorobot Surfaces?” Foresight Update No. 42, 30 September 2000, pp. 12-14. Full Paper (HTML)
  52. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Say Ah!” The Sciences 40(July/August 2000):26-31. Full Article (HTML) ..... Full Article (HTML) ..... Full Article (HTML). Letters to the Editor from Bill Joy, Nadrian Seeman and Barry Kriegel, with response by Robert Freitas in: “Mini Menace?” The Sciences 40(November/December 2000):3, 45. Letters to the Editor (HTML)
  53. Jordan Mejias, Joachim Muller-Jung, Frank Schirrmacher, “Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung interviews James Von Ehr II, Ralph C. Merkle, and Robert A. Freitas Jr.,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ), 21 September 2000, p. 59. Full Interview (HTML) ..... Full Interview (HTML)
  54. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Tangible Nanomoney,” Nanotechnology Industries Newsletter, Issue II, July 2000, pp. 2-11. Full Paper (HTML) ..... Full Paper (HTML) ..... Full Paper (HTML)
  55. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanomedicine and life extension,” Maximum Life Foundation, Life Extension Summit Conference, Los Angeles, California, 24 June 2000.
  56. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Clottocytes: Artificial Mechanical Platelets,” Foresight Update No. 41, 30 June 2000, pp. 9-11. Full Paper (HTML) ..... Full Paper (HTML) ..... Russian Translation Full Paper (HTML)
  57. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Some Limits to Global Ecophagy by Biovorous Nanoreplicators, with Public Policy Recommendations,” Zyvex Corp. report, April 2000. Full Paper (HTML) ..... Full Paper (HTML) ..... Summary Article (HTML) ..... French Translation Full Paper (RTF) ..... Lifeboat Foundation Full Paper (HTML)
  58. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanomedicine Art Gallery” website, March 2000; http://www.foresight.org/Nanomedicine/Gallery/index.html
  59. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Announcing the Opening of the Nanomedicine Art Gallery,” Foresight Update No. 40, 31 March 2000, pp. 9-10. Full Article (HTML)
  60. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Mechanoenzymes: A non-SPM-based approach to molecular mechanoassembly,” brief notes, 21 February 2000. Full Text (HTML)
  61. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Is Diamond Biocompatible With Living Cells?” Foresight Update No. 39, 30 December 1999, pp. 7-9. Full Paper (HTML) ..... Russian Translation Full Paper (HTML)
  62. Richard Terra, “Interview with Robert A. Freitas Jr.,” Foresight Update No. 38, 30 September 1999, pp. 10-12. Full Article (HTML)
  63. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanomedicine: Frequently Asked Questions,” Cryonics 20(Qtr I, 1999):17-22. Article Extract (HTML)
  64. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Novel Pathway to First-Generation Molecular Assemblers,” preliminary draft paper, 18 November 1998. Full Text (HTML)
  65. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Nanomedicine FAQ,” Foresight Institute website, 27 October 1998. Full Text (HTML) ..... Russian Translation Full Text (HTML)
  66. “Self-Replication and Nanotechnology: A discussion between Robert Freitas, Tom McKendree, Anthony G. Francis, Jr., and Tihamer Toth-Fejel,” The Assembler 4(Fourth Quarter, 1996):4-10. Full Article (HTML)
  67. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Respirocytes: High Performance Artificial Nanotechnology Red Cells,” Nanotechnology Magazine 2(October 1996):1, 8-13. Full Article (PDF)
  68. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “The Future of Computers,” Analog 116(March 1996):57-73. Full Article (HTML)

 

 

Reviews of Nanomedicine, Vol. I (1999)

  1. “Nanomedicine, Volume I: Basic Capabilities,” BetterHumans, 13 December 2002. Full Text (HTML)
  2. Lawrence Rosenberg, M.D., Ph.D., “A Review of Nanomedicine,” New Surgery, Spring 2001. Full Text (HTML) ..... Full Text (HTML) ..... Full Text (HTML)
  3. Alex M. Andrew, “Book Reviews. Nanomedicine, Volume I: Basic Capabilities,” Robotica 18(December 2000):687-688. Full Text (HTML)
  4. Gregory M. Fahy, Ph.D., “A Gift From The Future,” Life Extension Magazine, October 2000. Full Text (HTML) ..... Full Text (HTML)
  5. Tom McKendree, “More Reads on the Future,” Reason Online, March 2000. Full Text (HTML)
  6. Greg Trocchia, “The MNT Bookshelf, Part 2: Nanomedicine,” Speaker's Corner/Nanotechnology, March 2000. Full Text (HTML) ..... Full Text (HTML)
  7. Richard P. Terra, “Nanomedicine: A Classic-In-The-Making. Multi-Volume Work Examines Medical Applications of MNT,” Foresight Update No. 38, 30 September 1999, pp. 1, 9, 13. Full Text (HTML)
  8. Robert J. Bradbury, CEO, Aeiveos Corp., “The `Bible' for 21st Century Bioengineering,” June 1999. Full Text (HTML)
  9. K. Eric Drexler, Ralph C. Merkle, quoted on back cover of Nanomedicine, Volume I, October 1999. Full Text (HTML)

 

 

Reviews of Nanomedicine, Vol. IIA (2003)

  1. Chris Phoenix, “Interdisciplinary Triumph,” Center for Responsible Nanotechnology (CRN), May 2004. Full Text (HTML)
  2. “Nanomedicine, Vol. IIA,” Plausible Futures Newsletter, 18 October 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  3. Robert J. Bradbury, CEO, Aeiveos Corp., “A timely contribution to nanotechnology literature,” October 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  4. Lawrence Rosenberg, Cecilia A. Haberzettl, Stephen S. Flitman, L. Stephen Coles, Owen P. Hamill, Michael Prater, Bai Xu, quoted on back cover of Nanomedicine, Volume IIA, October 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  5. Ralph C. Merkle, “How does the body react to medical nanodevices?” Foresight Update, No. 52, 31 August 2003, pp. 10-11. Full Text (HTML) ..... Full Text (HTML)

 

 

Reviews of Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines (2004)

  1. Dr. A. Bowyer, “Engineering Becomes Biology,” Amazon.com, 11 November 2006. Full Text (HTML)
  2. Moshe Sipper, “Book Review,”Artificial Life 12(Winter 2006):187-188. Full Text (PDF)
  3. “Via Nanotechnology to the Stars,” Centauri Dreams, 14 October 2005. Full Text (HTML)
  4. Tihamer Toth-Fejel, “Best Book Ever Written on Self-Replicating Machines,” Amazon.com, 6 December 2004. Full Text (HTML)
  5. “Newsline: New Robotics Books,”Robotics Today 17(Fourth Quarter, 2004):11. Full Text (HTML)
  6. J. Storrs Hall, “An encyclopedia of self-replicating machines,” Foresight Update, No. 54, 5 August 2004, p. 8. Full Text (HTML)
  7. Prepublication comments from 59 technical reviewers of KSRM, 2003. Full Text (HTML)

 

 

Books, Articles, etc. That Mention Freitas

  1. Tristan Thielmann, “Nanomedien: Der Dritte Medienumbruch? Ein Interview mit dem Nanoforscher Robert A. Freitas Jr.,” in Tristan Thielmann, Jens Schroter, eds., Display II Digital, Navi Gationen: Zeitschrift fur Medien- und Kulturwissenschaften, Schuren Verlag GmbH, 2007, pp. 139-146. In German.
  2. Lisa Zyga, “Virtual 3D nanorobots could lead to real cancer-fighting technology,” PhysOrg.com, 5 December 2007. Full Text (HTML)
  3. “Mechanosynthesis toolset is important new step toward the nanofactory,” KurzweilAI.net, 6 November 2007. Full Text (HTML)
  4. Michael Anissimov, “Interview with Robert A. Freitas Jr.,” The Lifeboat Foundation, April 2007. Full Text (HTML)
  5. Nanotechnology images and video exhibit, Cité des Sciences Museum (Paris, France), May 2007. French version ..... English version ..... Dermal Display Animation
  6. Gregory Daigle, “Programmable Tattoos: Digital displays for your body,” OhmyNews International Science and Technology, 4 June 2006. Full Text (HTML)
  7. Logan Ward, “Your Upgrade is Ready,” Popular Mechanics 183(May 2006):60-65. Full Text (HTML)
  8. Niels Boeing, “Die Medizin wird digital,” Technology Review online, German language edition, 20 April 2006. Full Text (HTML)
  9. “2006 Guardian Award Winners Develop Defenses Against Harmful Nanotechnology and Biotechnology,” The Lifeboat Foundation, March 2006. Full Text (HTML)
  10. Brian Wowk, “Nanomedicine and Cryonics,” Cryonics 27(Winter 2006):9-13.
  11. Joseph Manez, “Artifact from the Future: This Will Make Your Skin Crawl,” Fast Company, January-February 2006, p.35. Page Image (JPG, 0.3 MB)
  12. Bruce Flickinger, “Nanofactories: Glimpsing the future of process technology,” CleanRooms Magazine, January 2006. Full Text (HTML)
  13. T. Grossman, “Latest advances in antiaging medicine,”Keio J. Med. 54(2005):85-94. Full Text (PDF)
  14. “2029: Google Your Vitals with Skin Displays,”Popular Science 267(December 2005):26. Page Image (JPG, 0.6 MB)
  15. Karen Jones, “Hand Me My Data,” PC Magazine, 22 November 2005, p. 22. Page Image (JPG, 0.5 MB) ..... [Note: This article (and the earlier one by Tracy Staedter) fail to properly attribute the images to the artist who made them: Gina Miller, who has also produced a complete animation of the programmable dermal display in collaboration with Freitas. Freitas originally described the programmable dermal display in Section 7.4.6.7 of his book Nanomedicine, Vol. I (1999), and the concept was first illustrated by Figures 7.7A and 7.7B in that book. Gina Miller subsequently created still images and a lengthy animation of the dermal display at work, and a video (3:37 runtime) featuring the animation narrated by Freitas at a 2006 conference is available at Miller's website, and also at YouTube.]
  16. Tracy Staedter, “Dermal Display Gets Under the Skin,” Discovery News, 18 October 2005. Full Text (HTML)
  17. Sander Olson, “Interview with Robert Freitas,” Nanotech.biz, 6 October 2005. Full Text, Part 1 (HTML) ..... See Also Part 1 (HTML) ..... Full Text, Part 2 (HTML) ..... See Also Part 2 (HTML)
  18. “La Deferlante 'Nano',” Le Journal du CNRS, No. 189, October 2005, pp. 18-31. Respirocyte Cover Art (JPG, 0.2 MB)
  19. “Visualizing the Future: Dermal Nanotech Display,” MedGadget: Internet Journal of Emerging Medical Technologies, 23 September 2005. Full Text (HTML)
  20. “This nanorobotic Microbivore...,” NextGeneration (The Generation Foundation), Fall 2005, p. 1. Page Image (JPG, 0.4 MB)
  21. Ray Kurzweil, The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology, Viking Penguin, 2005. Amazon Listing
  22. T. Kubik, K. Bogunia-Kubik, M. Sugisaka, “Nanotechnology on duty in medical applications,” Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 6(February 2005):17-33. PubMed Abstract
  23. Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams: Imagining and Planning Interstellar Exploration, Copernicus Books, NY, 2004. Amazon Listing
  24. Howard Lovy, “Stop worrying and learn to love nanobots,”Howard Lovy's Nanobot, 28 December 2004. Full Text (HTML)
  25. Richard Jones, “Is mechanosynthesis feasible? The debate moves up a gear,” Soft Machines weblog, 16 December 2004. Full Text (HTML)
  26. Ray Kurzweil, Terry Grossman, Fantastic Voyage: The Science Behind Radical Life Extension, Rodale Books, November 2004 (ISBN 1-57954-954-3). Chapter 2 Excerpt (HTML)
  27. Ronald Bailey, “Nanotechnology: Hell or Heaven? Perhaps a little bit of both,” Reason Online, 27 October 2004. Full Text (HTML)
  28. Adam Keiper, “Diamonds and Nano,” 2004 Foresight Conference Weblog, The New Atlantis, 22 October 2004. Full Text (HTML)
  29. Howard Lovy, “How big is nano?”Howard Lovy's Nanobot, 23 October 2004. Full Text (HTML)
  30. Adam Keiper, “Nanomedicine,” 2004 Foresight Conference Weblog, The New Atlantis, 23 October 2004. Full Text (HTML)
  31. Yuriy Svidinenko, “Interview with Robert A. Freitas Jr.,” Nanotechnology News Network, 2 July 2004. Full Text (HTML) ..... Russian Translation (HTML)
  32. Doug Casey, “Nanomedicine: It’s in Your Blood,” What We Now Know e-letter, Casey Research, 16 June 2004. Full Text (HTML)
  33. Reason, “I Was Happy To Leave Them To It Until They Started Picking on Nanomedicine,” Fight Aging!, 8 May 2004. Full Text (HTML)
  34. Allen Tough, “Pequeñas Sondas Interestelares Inteligentes,” El universo de Liberto, 3 March 2004. Full Text (HTML)
  35. Eugene Thacker, Biomedia, University of Minnesota Press, February 2004. In press.
  36. “Nanobiotech Pioneers Predict Nanomedicine Impact within Five Years," BusinessWire, 11 February 2004. Full Text (HTML)
  37. Waldemar Ingdahl, “Nitpicking Nanotechnology,” Tech Central Station, 27 January 2004. Full Text (HTML)
  38. Sarah Irvine, ed., The Invisible World (6th grade children's reader), Weldon Owen Education, Auckland, New Zealand, 2003.
  39. Robert Ebisch, “Is Death a Disease? And will nanotechnology cure it?” Delta Sky, December 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  40. Ronald Bailey, “The Smaller the Better: The limitless promise of nanotechnology -- and the growing peril of a moratorium,” Reason Online, December 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  41. John Miller, “Beyond Biotechnology: FDA Regulation Of Nanomedicine,” Columbia Science and Technology Law Review, Vol. IV, 2002-2003. Full Text (PDF)
  42. Vinícius Romanini, “O Pai dos Nanorrobôs (The Father of the Nanorobots),” Os Caminhos da Terra (The Ways of the Land), September 2003, pp. 58-59. In Portuguese. Full Text, with translation (HTML)
  43. Dwayne Hunter, “Leading Medical Journal Hails Arrival of Nanomedicine,” BetterHumans, 29 August 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  44. Adam Keiper, “The Nanotechnology Revolution,” The New Atlantis, August 2003. Full Text, annotated (HTML) ..... Full Text, unannotated (HTML)
  45. Howard Lovy, “Unfrozen Cave Men,” Howard Lovy's Nanobot, Small Times, 27 August 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  46. James M. Pethokoukis, “Roboblood,” U.S. News & World Report, 8 August 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  47. Ian Grayson, “Grateful dead on ice,” Austrailian IT News, 20 May 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  48. David Rakoff, “I'm Dying to Meet You in the Next Life,” Gentlemen's Quarterly (GQ), May 2003, pp. 196-201, 213-214. Brief Excerpt (HTML)
  49. James Hughes, “Reconciling humans, nature and technology,” BetterHumans, 14 April 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  50. Simon Smith, “Thoughts from a Hot Zone: Give Me a New Immune System,” BetterHumans, 7 April 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  51. Martin J. Rees, Our Final Hour: A Scientist's Warning, Basic Books, 2003. Amazon Listing
  52. Jack Uldrich, The Next Big Thing Is Really Small: How Nanotechnology Will Change the Future of Your Business, Crown Publishing Group, 1st Edition, 2003. Amazon Listing
  53. G. Wayne Miller, “Cryonicists know they face uncertain odds, but put faith in science,” The Providence Journal, 3 February 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  54. Bruce J. Klein, “Why physical immortality?” BetterHumans, 2 February 2003. Full Text (HTML)
  55. Mark Frauenfelder, “Cryonics conference brings out nanotech's extreme optimists,” Small Times, 6 December 2002. Full Text (HTML)
  56. Doug Saunders, “Is dying necessary? Meet the optimists of the Life Extension Movement, who think 'natural death' is a contradiction in terms,” The Globe and Mail, 30 November 2002. Full Text (HTML)
  57. Ray Kurzweil, “The Alcor conference on extreme life extension,” KurzweilAI.net, 22 November 2002. Full Text (HTML)
  58. Kristen Philipkoski, “A few ways to win mortality war,” Wired, 20 November 2002. Full Text (HTML)
  59. Kristen Philipkoski, “Who wants to live forever?” Wired, 20 November 2002. Full Text (HTML)
  60. David Ollier Weber, “Nanomedicine: The Next Little Thing,” Health Forum Journal 45(September/October 2002):1, 10-15. PubMed Abstract (HTML) ..... Full Text (HTML)
  61. Ronald Bailey, “Forever Young: The new scientific search for immortality,” Reason Online, August 2002. Full Text (HTML)
  62. Ole Peter Galaasen, “Nanomedicine and the Future of Healthcare,” Plausible Futures Newsletter, 12 August 2002. Full Text (HTML) ..... Full Text (HTML)
  63. Michael Wilson, Kamali Kannangara, Geoff Smith, Michelle Simmons, eds., Nanotechnology: Basic Science and Emerging Technologies, Chapman and Hall, 2002. Amazon Listing
  64. Editors of Scientific American, Understanding Cloning, Warner Books, 2002. Amazon Listing
  65. Jeffrey M. Perkel, “Profile: Nanotech dreams,” The Scientist 16(4 March 2002). Full Text (HTML)
  66. Albert Tsai, “Nanomedicine – The Medical Revolution,” Technology Commercialization Alliance, University of Southern California, 2002. Full Text (PDF)
  67. Chris Westland, Valuing Technology : The New Science of Wealth in the Knowledge Economy, John Wiley & Sons, 1st Edition, 2001. Amazon Listing
  68. Michael Becker, “At nanoscale, the laws of humans may not apply,” Small Times, 30 July 2001. Full Text (HTML)
  69. Ronald Bailey, “Nanotech Negativism,” Reason Online, 4 July 2001. Full Text (HTML)
  70. Kelly Morris, “Macrodoctor, come meet the nanodoctors,” The Lancet 357(10 March 2001):778. Full Text (HTML)
  71. Damien Broderick, The Spike: How Our Lives Are Being Transformed by Rapidly Advancing Technologies, Forge Press, 2001. Amazon Listing
  72. Carlos Alberto Teixeira, “As maquinas invisiveis do futuro: Nanotecnologia abrira as portas do mundo sub-microscopico,” O GLOBO - Informática Etc., 20 November 2000. In Portuguese. Full Text (HTML)
  73. Stephan Herrera, “The big science of nanomedicine,” Red Herring, 30 October 2000. Full Text (PDF)
  74. Gregory M. Fahy, Ph.D., “A Gift From The Future,” Life Extension Magazine, October 2000. Full Text (HTML) ..... Full Text (HTML)
  75. Henry R. Piehler, “The Future of Medicine: Biomaterials,” MRS Bulletin, August 2000, pp. 67-69. Full Text (PDF)
  76. Frank Schirrmacher, “Beyond 2001: HAL's Legacy for the Enterprise Generation,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 1 August 2000. Full Interview (HTML) ..... Full Interview (HTML) ..... (Inactivated URL)
  77. Bernard Jensen, Dr. Jensen’s Guide to Body Chemistry & Nutrition, McGraw-Hill/Contemporary Books, 2nd Edition, 2000. Amazon Listing
  78. Myriam Lopez Blanco, “Robots del tamaño de una molécula podrán rastrear el organismo en busca de una lesión para reparar,” El Mundo, 8 April 2000. In Spanish. Full Text (HTML)
  79. Elena Capparelli, “Nanomedicina,” MediaMente, 27 May 1999. In Italian. Full Text (HTML)
  80. David F. Noble, The Religion of Technology: The Divinity of Man and the Spirit of Invention, Penguin USA, 1999. Amazon Listing
  81. James L. Halperin, The First Immortal, Del Rey Books, 1998. Amazon Listing
  82. Steven Levy, Artificial Life: A Report from the Frontier Where Computers Meet Biology, Vintage Books, reprint edition, 1993. Amazon Listing

 

 

Last updated on 12 May 2008

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